Fort Sumter is where the U.S. Civil War began, where the first shots were fired in anger between North and South. Shortly after South Carolina announced its secession from the Union, federal forces in Charleston were consolidated at Fort Sumter, a partially completed masonry fortification in Charleston Harbor. Confederate forces demanded the fort’s surrender, but Major Robert Anderson, its commander, refused. Fearing that the garrison would soon be reinforced by sea, the Confederated opened fire on Fort Sumter at 4:30 a.m. on April 12, 1861. Anderson surrendered the next day, and the Confederacy held the fort until nearly the end of the war four years later.
Fort Sumter today bears on a superficial resemblance to its original appearance with its 5-foot thick walls antlered about 50 feet above low water. The multi-tiered work of 1861 was largely reduced to rubble during the Civil War. Battery Huger, built across the parade grounds at the time of the Spanish American War now dominate its interior.
The left facing casement ruins were destroyed by the fire of Union guns on Morris Island, 1863 -1865. Several of the projectiles still protrude from the wall. Outside the casement ruins are two 15-inch Rodman guns, an 8-ingh Columbiad, and a 10-inch mortar.
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